The Alentejo region, with its golden plains, rolling vineyards, and centuries-old olive groves, is a hidden gem of Portugal, offering visitors an authentic experience unlike any other. This picturesque region, known for its rich cultural heritage and natural beauty, is also a leading example of sustainability in action. Whether you’re exploring the UNESCO-listed city of Évora or the medieval village of Monsaraz, Alentejo provides a perfect blend of historical significance and a deep commitment to preserving both the environment and tradition.
In this blog, we will delve into the charm of two jewels of Alentejo—Évora and Monsaraz. These places not only captivate visitors with their stunning landscapes and historical monuments but also showcase how a sustainable future can be achieved. Whether you’re seeking sustainable tourism experiences, eco-friendly accommodations, or a taste of traditional Alentejo cuisine, Évora and Monsaraz are prime examples of how sustainability and cultural preservation can coexist.
Évora: A Cultural and Sustainable Treasure
Historical and Cultural Heritage
Évora, the capital of Alentejo, is one of Portugal’s most historically rich cities. Stepping into Évora is like traveling back in time, where every corner tells a story. The city’s historic centre, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1986, is a living testament to its Roman and medieval roots. Walking along its narrow streets, you’ll encounter landmarks that offer a glimpse into Portugal’s past.
Among Évora’s most iconic monuments is the Roman Temple, often referred to as the Temple of Diana. Built in the 1st century AD, this temple is a prominent reminder of the Roman occupation of the Iberian Peninsula. Nearby, the grand Évora Cathedral stands as one of the largest medieval cathedrals in Portugal. Built between the 12th and 13th centuries, this cathedral represents the transition from Romanesque to Gothic architecture and offers panoramic views of the city from its terrace.
Évora is also home to one of Portugal’s oldest universities, founded in 1559. With its Renaissance cloister and intricately adorned Chapel of the Lóios, the University of Évora adds to the city’s academic and architectural significance. Another must-see is the Church of São Francisco, home to the macabre yet fascinating Chapel of Bones, which serves as a solemn reminder of life’s transience.
Sustainability in Évora
While Évora is steeped in history, it’s also a model for sustainability. The city is at the forefront of renewable energy initiatives, particularly in harnessing solar power. Located in one of the sunniest regions of Portugal, Évora is ideally positioned to generate clean energy. Many buildings are equipped with solar panels, making the city a leader in renewable energy in the region.
In addition to its commitment to solar power, Évora has made significant strides in promoting sustainable mobility. Electric bike-sharing programs encourage both locals and tourists to explore the city in an environmentally friendly way. Pedestrian zones have been expanded, and public transport has been improved, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and noise pollution.
Évora has also adopted modern waste management techniques to reduce its environmental impact. The city has an efficient recycling system, separating organic waste, recyclable materials, and general trash. Recently, the city has implemented a community composting program, turning organic waste into compost for use in urban gardens and green spaces.
Eco-Friendly Tourism in Évora
Évora’s focus on sustainability extends to its thriving tourism industry. Many of the city’s hotels and guesthouses have embraced eco-friendly practices, from utilizing renewable energy sources to promoting responsible water usage. These establishments often source local produce and support local artisans, reinforcing the city’s commitment to sustainability.
Tourists are encouraged to explore Évora’s historic centre and surroundings through eco-friendly activities like walking and cycling tours. Local restaurants, too, play a key role in sustainable tourism by serving traditional dishes made with organic, seasonal ingredients sourced from nearby farms practicing sustainable agriculture.
One of Évora’s most celebrated cultural events is the Feira de São João, held annually in late June. This traditional fair, which dates to the 16th century, is a vibrant showcase of Alentejo’s culture, featuring music, dance, crafts, and regional cuisine. The event is a shining example of how the city preserves its cultural traditions while embracing responsible tourism.
Monsaraz: A Medieval Village with Modern Sustainability Practices
Historical Setting and Charm
Perched high on a hilltop overlooking the vast plains of Alentejo and the Guadiana River, Monsaraz is one of Portugal’s best-preserved medieval villages. Stepping into Monsaraz is like stepping into a fairy tale, with its narrow-cobbled streets, whitewashed houses, and imposing 13th-century castle.
The village’s origins date back to prehistoric times, as evidenced by the numerous megalithic monuments scattered across the surrounding landscape. However, the village as it exists today began to take shape in the Middle Ages when it was fortified by the Knights Templar after the Christian Reconquest. The castle, built to defend the region, now offers panoramic views of both Alentejo and neighbouring Spain, making it a must-visit attraction.
Monsaraz has maintained its medieval charm with traditional architecture that features white houses adorned with coloured bands, granite-framed windows, and red-tiled roofs. The preservation of this village offers visitors an authentic experience, transporting them to a time when life moved at a slower, more deliberate pace.
Sustainability in Monsaraz
Despite its small size and historical importance, Monsaraz is a leader in adopting sustainable practices. The village has embraced renewable energy, particularly solar power, taking advantage of the abundant sunshine in the Alentejo region. Additionally, Monsaraz has introduced wind energy generation to further complement its energy needs, making it a truly self-sustaining community.
Water management is another area where Monsaraz excels. The dry climate of Alentejo requires innovative solutions to conserve water. To this end, the village has implemented sustainable irrigation systems, ensuring that water is used efficiently and responsibly. Rainwater harvesting is also widely practiced, with cisterns collecting water for use in gardens and household needs.
Monsaraz has developed an exemplary waste management system that focuses on recycling and composting. Collection points for different types of recyclable materials—glass, paper, plastic, and metal—are conveniently located throughout the village. Composting organic waste is encouraged, with natural fertilizers used in the region’s vineyards and olive groves.
Traditional and Sustainable Agriculture
Monsaraz is surrounded by vineyards and olive groves, which produce some of the best wines and olive oils in Portugal. What sets Monsaraz apart is its commitment to traditional and sustainable farming practices. Local farmers use time-honoured methods that respect the natural rhythms of the land, minimizing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Many of the region’s vineyards and olive groves are family-owned and operate using organic practices. These methods not only protect the environment but also produce superior-quality products. Local farmers also use traditional seeds and crops that have been adapted to the region’s specific climate and soil conditions over centuries, helping to preserve Alentejo’s agricultural heritage.
Sustainability is not just limited to agricultural practices. The vineyards and olive groves that blanket the hills around Monsaraz are also preserved through traditional terracing, which prevents soil erosion and enhances the region’s scenic beauty. These terraces, framed by dry-stone walls, create a landscape that is both functional and visually stunning, demonstrating the harmonious relationship between humans and nature.
Eco-Tourism and Unique Experiences in Monsaraz
Sustainable tourism is at the heart of Monsaraz’s appeal. The village has developed a range of eco-friendly tourist activities that allow visitors to enjoy its medieval charm while minimizing their environmental impact. Accommodations in Monsaraz are designed to blend traditional architecture with modern sustainable technologies, such as solar energy systems, rainwater harvesting, and energy-efficient appliances.
One of the most unique activities in Monsaraz is the opportunity to participate in cooking classes held within the ancient walls of Monsaraz Castle. These classes focus on traditional Alentejo cuisine, using local ingredients from organic farms. Visitors not only learn about the rich culinary history of the region but also gain insights into sustainable cooking practices.
Hiking and cycling are also popular ways to explore the breathtaking landscape around Monsaraz. Numerous trails lead visitors through vineyards, olive groves, and fields of wildflowers, offering magnificent views of Alqueva Lake, Europe’s largest artificial lake. Along these routes, tourists can visit local farms, taste organic wines and olive oils, and learn more about the sustainable practices used in Alentejo agriculture.
Local artisans are also a key component of Monsaraz’s sustainable tourism model. The village is home to several small workshops where traditional crafts are still made by hand, including pottery, weaving, and leatherwork. These artisans use locally sourced materials and techniques passed down through generations, offering visitors the chance to purchase unique, handmade souvenirs that support the local economy.
Monsaraz also hosts numerous cultural festivals throughout the year, many of which emphasize sustainability and local traditions. Events celebrating wine, olive oil, and regional gastronomy attract visitors from around the world and offer an authentic taste of Alentejo’s cultural heritage. These festivals are organized with sustainability in mind, using eco-friendly materials and minimizing waste.
Conclusion: Évora and Monsaraz as Models of Sustainability
Évora and Monsaraz are not just places of immense historical significance and natural beauty—they are also models of sustainable living. Both cities have embraced modern sustainable practices while preserving their rich cultural heritage, setting an example for other regions in Portugal and beyond.
Évora’s integration of renewable energy, sustainable tourism, and waste management into its urban fabric shows that historical preservation and environmental responsibility can go hand in hand. Monsaraz, with its focus on renewable energy, water conservation, and traditional farming methods, demonstrates how rural communities can thrive while maintaining their unique identity and minimizing their environmental impact.
For travellers seeking a destination where sustainability meets history, culture, and natural beauty, Évora and Monsaraz offer unforgettable experiences. Whether you’re cycling through Évora’s winding streets or savouring a traditional dish prepared with organic ingredients in Monsaraz, your visit contributes to the preservation of these remarkable places for future generations.